一、辯證領導力的由來
（一(yi)）哲學思(si)想基礎 辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力的產生有著(zhu)深厚的哲學思(si)想根(gen)源。唯物辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)法(fa)作為認識問(wen)題和解決問(wen)題的根(gen)本方法(fa)，為辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力提(ti)供了(le)理論基石(shi)。例如國(guo)(guo)家市場(chang)監(jian)管總局(ju)局(ju)長羅(luo)文在(zai)《從辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)法(fa)看(kan)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力實(shi)踐》一(yi)文中(zhong)提(ti)到(dao)，領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力是一(yi)種實(shi)踐，也是一(yi)門藝術，提(ti)高(gao)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力需要學會(hui)運用辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)法(fa)。從歷(li)史上看(kan)，許多偉(wei)大的決策(ce)和領(ling)導(dao)(dao)成(cheng)果都蘊(yun)含著(zhu)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)思(si)維。像戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時期秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)宰相范雎提(ti)出(chu)的“遠交(jiao)近攻”戰(zhan)略，這一(yi)戰(zhan)略體現了(le)對國(guo)(guo)際關系、地緣政治等多方面因素的辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)思(si)考(kao)。秦(qin)(qin)昭王采納這一(yi)戰(zhan)略，秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)終蕩平六國(guo)(guo)實(shi)現統一(yi)，范雎的思(si)維方式中(zhong)就有著(zhu)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)的因素，這種辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)思(si)維在(zai)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)決策(ce)中(zhong)的運用是辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)力的早(zao)期體現形(xing)式。
（二(er)）企業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)發展 在(zai)企業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)領(ling)(ling)域，辯(bian)(bian)證領(ling)(ling)導力也(ye)逐漸發展起(qi)來。以(yi)吉利集團董事長李書福為例，他認為領(ling)(ling)導既是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)，又(you)是(shi)(shi)被管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)，矛(mao)盾(dun)在(zai)每個領(ling)(ling)導身上必(bi)需實現辯(bian)(bian)證地統一。在(zai)吉利的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中，這一辯(bian)(bian)證思(si)想體現在(zai)多個方(fang)面(mian)。如在(zai)干部提拔(ba)上，需要考(kao)察(cha)所管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轄系(xi)統運行(xing)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)良好(hao)以(yi)及是(shi)(shi)否(fou)重視(shi)對(dui)下屬人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)培育與選拔(ba)。這體現了領(ling)(ling)導者(zhe)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統平衡和人(ren)(ren)才培養這兩個看似(si)矛(mao)盾(dun)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)辯(bian)(bian)證考(kao)量。領(ling)(ling)導者(zhe)既要保證業務(wu)協調良好(hao)，又(you)要注重人(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)持(chi)續供給，這就是(shi)(shi)辯(bian)(bian)證領(ling)(ling)導力在(zai)企業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)(de)一種(zhong)體現。
（三）領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)理論的(de)演變 從(cong)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)理論的(de)發展(zhan)歷(li)程來看，辯(bian)證(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)也是逐步被認(ren)識(shi)和(he)重視的(de)。早期的(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)理論如LPC權(quan)變模型、情境領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)理論等更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)注(zhu)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者與(yu)(yu)情境、領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者與(yu)(yu)被領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)者之間(jian)(jian)的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，但隨著對領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)研究的(de)深入，人(ren)們開始認(ren)識(shi)到(dao)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)內部存(cun)在著諸(zhu)多(duo)辯(bian)證(zheng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。例如領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，它們相(xiang)互促(cu)進(jin)又相(xiang)互制約。一(yi)個具有強大(da)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)企業(ye)，往(wang)往(wang)能夠更(geng)(geng)(geng)好地行使(shi)權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)而為企業(ye)帶來更(geng)(geng)(geng)多(duo)利(li)益；反之，權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)也為領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)發揮提供平(ping)臺。同時(shi)，它們又受到(dao)法律和(he)道德的(de)制約，過度追(zhui)求一(yi)方(fang)(fang)而忽視另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)都(dou)會影(ying)響企業(ye)運營。這種對領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)內部辯(bian)證(zheng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)深入認(ren)識(shi)促(cu)使(shi)了辯(bian)證(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)概(gai)念(nian)的(de)形成(cheng)。
二、辯證領導力的意義
（一(yi)）對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)意義 1. 決(jue)(jue)策優化(hua) 辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)助于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)做出更優化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策。在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)臨復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)市場環境時(shi)(shi)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)運用(yong)(yong)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)思維可(ke)以全面(mian)地(di)分析各(ge)種(zhong)因素(su)。例如(ru)在項目融資企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)貸(dai)(dai)款方面(mian)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)看待領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)。貸(dai)(dai)款機(ji)構在為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提供貸(dai)(dai)款時(shi)(shi)，會考慮企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)情況(kuang)，而(er)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)果具備(bei)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，注重(zhong)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)培養，從(cong)而(er)更好地(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)貸(dai)(dai)款資金。這避(bi)免了(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)因過度追(zhui)(zhui)求權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)忽視領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)培養，或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)過度追(zhui)(zhui)求領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)忽視權(quan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)擁(yong)有(you)(you)所帶來的(de)(de)(de)風險，使(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在決(jue)(jue)策時(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠綜合考慮多方面(mian)因素(su)，做出更有(you)(you)利(li)于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策。 2. 團(tuan)(tuan)隊建(jian)設(she) 在團(tuan)(tuan)隊建(jian)設(she)方面(mian)，辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠促(cu)進團(tuan)(tuan)隊的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧發(fa)(fa)展。領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)認識到自(zi)己(ji)既是管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又是被(bei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，就(jiu)會像李書福所說的(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang)，將自(zi)己(ji)置(zhi)身于員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督之下(xia)，這樣(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)讓員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)心服(fu)口服(fu)，激發(fa)(fa)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)熱忱。同時(shi)(shi)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更好地(di)發(fa)(fa)揮中(zhong)層管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，讓每個層級的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)會上級戰略(lve)意圖，及時(shi)(shi)向(xiang)下(xia)級布置(zhi)、指導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、檢查與考核(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)秩序和(he)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)積極性和(he)創造性，使(shi)團(tuan)(tuan)隊中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)個人能(neng)(neng)(neng)量形成(cheng)集(ji)體合力(li)(li)(li)(li)。 3. 應對挑(tiao)戰 辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)助于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)應對各(ge)種(zhong)挑(tiao)戰。在面(mian)對國外同行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)競爭挑(tiao)戰時(shi)(shi)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)運用(yong)(yong)辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)思維可(ke)以從(cong)不同角(jiao)度分析問題(ti)。例如(ru)在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠辯(bian)(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)看待領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與追(zhui)(zhui)隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)等(deng)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。當企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)臨市場份額(e)被(bei)擠壓(ya)、技術創新壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)挑(tiao)戰時(shi)(shi)，領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)以根據不同的(de)(de)(de)情境，靈(ling)活調整領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)策略(lve)，既發(fa)(fa)揮領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)引領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，又重(zhong)視追(zhui)(zhui)隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)需求和(he)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量，從(cong)而(er)帶領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在競爭中(zhong)脫穎(ying)而(er)出。
（二）對社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)意義 1. 社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治理 在(zai)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治理方面(mian)，辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)有著積(ji)極(ji)的(de)意義。從(cong)宏觀層面(mian)看，政(zheng)府(fu)部門的(de)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)者如(ru)果具備辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)，就能夠(gou)更(geng)好(hao)地處理各(ge)種(zhong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)關系和矛(mao)盾。例(li)如(ru)在(zai)制定政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi)，能夠(gou)辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地考慮不(bu)同(tong)群體的(de)利益訴求，像在(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)環境保護(hu)(hu)之(zhi)間找到平(ping)衡，避免片(pian)面(mian)追(zhui)求經(jing)(jing)濟增長(chang)而忽(hu)視(shi)環境破壞，或者過(guo)度強調環境保護(hu)(hu)而阻礙(ai)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。這種(zhong)辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)決(jue)策(ce)有助于(yu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。 2. 文(wen)(wen)化傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin) 辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)力(li)對文(wen)(wen)化傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)也有重要意義。以中(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)的(de)儒家(jia)(jia)、道家(jia)(jia)等思(si)想為例(li)，其中(zhong)蘊(yun)含著豐富的(de)辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)思(si)想。領導(dao)(dao)(dao)者如(ru)果能夠(gou)將(jiang)這些(xie)辯(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)思(si)想融入到文(wen)(wen)化傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)工作中(zhong)，就可以更(geng)好(hao)地推動(dong)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化時(shi)，既保留(liu)其精華，又能根據現代社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)需求進行創(chuang)新(xin)，使傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化在(zai)現代社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)中(zhong)煥發(fa)出新(xin)的(de)活力(li)，促進社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)繁榮(rong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
辯(bian)證領(ling)導力無論是在其由(you)來的(de)發展歷程(cheng)中，還是在現代企業管(guan)理和社會發展的(de)意(yi)義上，都有著不可忽視的(de)重要性(xing)。它是一種融(rong)合了哲(zhe)學思想、管(guan)理經驗和領(ling)導智慧(hui)的(de)領(ling)導力理念，對推動各個領(ling)域的(de)發展有著積(ji)極而深遠(yuan)的(de)意(yi)義。
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